| When making a decision managers need to take a | | | | (interest, insurance, title search and registration, |
| lot of things into consideration. Accounting has a | | | | new |
| big impact on the manager's decisions. In this | | | | installations, etc.,) these will also be included.The |
| article we will talk about inventory and | | | | accounting department should also account for |
| capitalization policiesInventory PolicyIn business | | | | the depreciation of |
| keeping inventory can be very complicated. Every | | | | assets. This effort will be recorded within the |
| company | | | | financial statements |
| ought to do inventory on their products to | | | | as reduction in economic benefit during annual |
| assure that everything is | | | | reporting. The |
| in place and to keep track of their products to | | | | straight-line depreciation method (it is done by |
| have a well-managed | | | | calculating the cost |
| and functioning business. Inventory is tangible | | | | of the asset over time) can be used as an |
| property held for | | | | effective means of asset |
| sale, or materials used in a production process to | | | | management.Justification for PoliciesThe Skeer |
| make a product. | | | | Medical Supply Company makes notable use of |
| There are two types of inventory systems | | | | the perpetual |
| perpetual inventory systems | | | | inventory system to record every purchase and |
| that keep continuous records of the cost and | | | | sale on a continuum |
| amount of inventory on | | | | basis. The justification for usage of this system |
| hand and what has been sold at the time of sale | | | | lies in two schools |
| on a day-to-day basis. | | | | of thought. First, the advent of inventory |
| The periodic inventory system is the amount of | | | | software and bar code |
| inventory or cost of | | | | readers makes this process highly efficient. The |
| goods sold that cannot be found on a continuous | | | | software is capable |
| basis. The inventory | | | | of being modified to set order points, create an |
| must be counted, and the cost of goods sold | | | | accounts payable |
| must be computed. The | | | | transfer interface, and prompts for both the |
| SKERR medical supply companies use the | | | | placement and sale of a |
| perpetual system because in the | | | | particular order. Bar coding adds the element of |
| medical supply field one must constantly know | | | | feasibility to |
| how supplies are being | | | | accurately scan what is coming in and going out. |
| used and the cost of production and | | | | Secondly, the |
| inventory.The cost of inventory is the price of | | | | variance in the offerings of supplies that Skeer |
| the inventory at the time of | | | | Medical Supply offers |
| purchase. If the cost method is used to | | | | its customers requires us to get a real gauge of |
| determine price, the market | | | | what is selling and |
| will have no bearing on the decision. Lower of | | | | what is remaining in inventory. Throw in the fact |
| cost or market can be | | | | that the company is |
| used; then a decline in price of inventory falls | | | | a start-up with huge initial costs, and one can see |
| below the original | | | | why the tightest |
| costs. Market price is then used to value | | | | inventory system is in place to cut down on |
| inventory instead of cost. | | | | potential inventory |
| If market price goes back higher than cost, cost | | | | errors.The rational for the usage of the |
| will be used to | | | | straight-line depreciation method |
| determine inventory and a company also must | | | | for capitalizing the assets of the Skerr Medical |
| agree on what type of | | | | Supply Co., is that |
| inventory flow one must use. When it comes to | | | | it provides the best alternative to lower |
| inventory flow the SKERR | | | | discounted tax payments. |
| medical supply company use a specific invoice, | | | | When a company is not permitted to carry |
| this method requires | | | | forward losses for tax purposes, a straight-line |
| that each unit of inventory be tagged so the | | | | depreciation method |
| cost of each one can be | | | | is apt to be preferable when the discount factor |
| determined at the time of inventory count. | | | | for future tax |
| There's also the weighted | | | | payments or the mean of future cash flows are |
| average, this method of inventory flow takes | | | | high. |
| the number of units | | | | By using this method, comparable sales data |
| purchased and the total costs of all purchases, | | | | used to derive a |
| first-in and first-out | | | | depreciation rate leaves little chance for opinions |
| (FIFO) which is the ending inventory assigned to | | | | or |
| costs as a result of | | | | second-guessing.Alternative methods of valuation |
| the most recent purchases. FIFO refers to the | | | | that were proposed for the Skeer |
| items sold, not to the | | | | Medical Supply Co., were the capitalization of |
| items of inventory. Last -in and first -out, is | | | | earnings method and the |
| ending inventory | | | | asset value method. The capitalization of earnings |
| assigned costs as a result of the beginning | | | | method takes the |
| inventory and earliest | | | | current annual income of the small business being |
| purchases. LIFO refers to the item sold, not to | | | | valued and divides |
| the items in | | | | it by the required percentage rate of return on |
| inventory. In general, when the purchase price of | | | | the investment in the |
| inventory is going | | | | business, minus the growth rate of the firm. |
| down, one must choose FIFO. When the price of | | | | Its strong suit is that it takes into consideration |
| inventory is going up | | | | both the required |
| choose LIFO, and when inventory goes up and | | | | return and the growth potential of the business. |
| down one must choose | | | | The downfall using |
| weighted average.Capitalization PolicyThe policy | | | | the earnings method is that it assumes that the |
| for capitalizing the assets of Skerr Company | | | | growth rate will |
| should be | | | | continue at the same level...forever. There are |
| based on the accounting standards of GAAP | | | | too many fluctuations in the market to apply |
| (General Accepted Accounting | | | | that method.The asset value method contends |
| Principles). The sole purpose is to record the | | | | that a business success is reflected |
| expenditures and | | | | in its ability to accumulate assets. The argument |
| inventory of company assets. The capital assets | | | | against using this |
| of Skerr would | | | | method is found in the numerous broad |
| include: supplies, equipment, furniture, vehicles, | | | | interpretations used to |
| machinery, | | | | calculate market value based on the assets that |
| buildings, and land associated the daily functions | | | | are used to generate |
| of the company. | | | | income. A company with earnings and low asset |
| Company assets should be capitalized and | | | | value is worth more than a business with low |
| recorded when:* Assets are tangible* Asset is | | | | earnings and a high asset |
| used in the daily operations of the company* | | | | value. There were just too many interpretations |
| Asset had value and use at the point of | | | | between both methods |
| purchaseThe company assets must be listed at | | | | that gauge the net book value of a firm.Mary |
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