Understanding the Indemnity Principle

Indemnity is arguably the most fundamentalbecause one owner's interest in the property is
principle of insurance. This principle plays a criticallimited by his share of ownership.
role in general insurance. Indemnity is easily appliedWhere indemnity is concerned, the insurer has
to losses that are quantifiable. Indemnity isleverage in choosing the method of
monetary compensation that aims to return thereimbursement. The options available, where
insured to the same financial position he enjoyedindemnity is concerned, include cash, repair,
before the loss occurred. Life insurance andreplacement or reinstatement. Indemnity is limited
personal accident policy are therefore notby policy limits and the level of the sum insured.
contracts of indemnity. A dollar value cannot beThe application of excess and average help
easily placed on life and limb. However, the ideamaintain the integrity of the indemnity principle.
behind indemnity is used for financial underwritingThe application of average dictates that a
where life insurance is concerned.settlement must be proportional to the ratio
Insurance in general covers pure risks. Pure risksbetween the sum insured and the total value of
differ from speculative risks in that they do notthe risk covered. It is a technique used to combat
involve gain. Financial underwriting in life insurance isunder-insurance. Assume that you insure your
a means of ensuring that people do not acquirehome for $500,000.00 and the market value is
life coverage that is significantly higher than their$1,000,000.00. If a loss estimated at $200,000.00,
future economic value. As such life insurers limitthe insurer would not reimburse the full extent of
the amount of coverage you can have, based onthe loss with the application of average. The
your income. The coverage amount is typicallysettlement would be $100,000.00, since only half
thirty times one's annual income. This is one waythe value was insured. Excesses perform the
the underlying principle of indemnity influences lifesame role as deductibles in health plans. An
insurance coverage, even though it is not directlyexcess is an amount of each claim that is borne
applied to it.by the insured and not covered by a policy.
With contracts of indemnity, a claim must notIn some cases, those who do not understand the
exceed the actual loss. Even further to that, afundamental principle of indemnity feel unfairly
claim cannot exceed the extent of your insurabletreated during the claims process. However, the
interest in the insured asset. Let's assume thatapplication of this principle maintains the integrity
two people are co-owners of a property. Theof insuring pure risks. The fact remains that no
property is shared equally. One owner is notone should gain from insurance, even where life
entitled to insure more than half the value of theinsurance concerned.
property under normal circumstances. That occurs