High Culture and the Caribbean

The term 'high culture' seems to automaticallychoir" was pioneered by those who felt that the
suggest elitism and superiority. However, like'high culture' of the European could be adapted to
many other phrases used in the English language,the indigenous form.
that term is used in a variety of ways. At oneThe steel pan - the versatile instrument of
extreme, it is perceived as elitist; the preferencesTrinidadian origin - has emerged from being
and tastes of those who presume to be in themarginalised as 'riff-raff' culture. That stigma was
upper-stratum of society. Another aspect of it isreduced by the official identification of the steel
that it is the set of cultural products that define apan as a national instrument. Today, apart from
culture or one that - though not necessarilythe ordinary steel bands, there are now several
popular - is held in high esteem.'steel orchestras'. Steel orchestras have changed
The Caribbean - as every other region is the Newthe view of the steel pan as the musical
World - was once under the colonial rule ofinstrument of the riff-raff, to an instrument for
European masters. The different groups thatrefined music connoisseur.
were brought to the Caribbean were thenLiterature and art
incorporated into the culture of the colonialLiterature and art are not necessarily very
masters to a greater or lesser extent. As a resultpopular in the Caribbean, but are held in high
of this, the usage of 'high culture' in this articleesteem. There is a distinct Caribbean identity in
refers to the Caribbean derivatives of the culturepaintings and literature. Involvement in artistry has
of colonial rulers. As a tourist-oriented region, 'highdiffused from the upper-stratum of Caribbean
culture' has had a very significant socio-economicsociety to the lower ones. In addition, production
impact.of art and artefacts created a body of craftsmen
Carnivalwithin the region. Much of their business is
Carnival is an institution, particularly in the Easterngenerated from souvenir sales.
Caribbean. The concept would seem like 'popularCaribbean literature - through exponents like V.S.
culture', but it was really derived from 'high culture'Naipaul, Samuel Selvon and Derek Walcott- has
- specifically the French 'masquerade' tradition. It isdefined the Caribbean identity to the world. The
important to note that modern Caribbeanimpact of it has been primarily social. It has
Carnivals contain elements of both popular andallowed West Indian students to learn about
high culture. It is known that a number of peoplethemselves and examine the societies in which
involved in Carnival - designers especially- comethey live. It is very important to acknowledge
from the upper stratum of Caribbean society.that this sphere of Caribbean 'high culture' is
The origin of Carnival in the Caribbean is thedominated by the English-speaking Caribbean-
mimicking of the tradition of the ruling elite in thedemonstrating the influence of British rule on the
days of slavery. Carnival - in its highest form - isCaribbean identity.
also considered to be representative of CaribbeanThe impact of 'high culture' on the Caribbean is
history and eclectic influences. There are Carnivalgenerally a legacy of the colonial era. The fact
shows, like the 'Dimanche Gras', that are designedthat the culture of the colonial masters and ruling
specifically to showcase the creative talents ofelites have been both adopted and adapted to the
costume designers who are artists in their ownCaribbean has made the greatest impact. Uniquely,
right.there is a thin line between Caribbean 'high culture'
Musicand 'mass culture' in some instances.
It may seem strange, but music contains anIn any event, the impact of high culture on the
influence of 'high culture' in the Caribbean. TheCaribbean is both social and economic. It has
type of music that I refer to is not 'ragga music'helped shaped the Caribbean identity. The
or music with mass appeal. In the Caribbean-adaptation of 'high culture' in the Caribbean has
particularly in colonial times- the classical music ofplayed a major role in tourism. The Caribbean is
the UK and parts of Europe were held in highnot marketed as an idyllic getaway alone, but a
esteem in the Caribbean.region rich in culture and cultural expression. The
There are classical choirs in the Caribbean evensymbiotic relationship between high culture and
today. What is even more important is that thosemass culture in the Caribbean and its economic
who had been schooled in 'high culture' have beenpermutations, are what makes 'high culture' even
inspired to customise it to the myriad Caribbeanmore influential in the isles of the West Indies.
cultures. For instance, the concept of the "folk