Debits and Credits - What the Heck Are They?

Long ago, after proudly surviving my first formalQuickBooks may allow you to merrily enter
accounting classes, I was confronted by a CPAtransactions incorrectly.
friend of mine (Tom K.) with a mind numbing quiz.That's where the double entry bookkeeping
If you're so smart Mr. Tim, then tell me, what is asystem can help - it provides a system of checks
debit and what is a credit?and balances.
I proceeded to launch into a picture perfect andBy adding up all of the debits and adding up all of
lengthy explanation of debits and credits. When Ithe credits and comparing the two, differences
finally finished my erudite spontaneousstick out like a sore thumb out and you have the
pontification on "debits and credits", Tom loudlychance to correct any errors. When debits and
chided me, saying "FLUNK - debits on the left,credits don't match - the "double entry
credits on the right".bookkeeping" system loudly tells you something is
Remember that one - I sure did.wrong and needs correction. In fact, QuickBooks
DEBITS ON THE LEFT - CREDITS ON THEwill actively prevent you from entering "out of
RIGHTbalance" (meaning the debits and credits don't
That's it - very simple actually; debits on the left,match) transactions. However, QuickBooks will
credits on the right.NOT always stop you from incorrectly assigning
In today's double entry bookkeeping system,debits and credits to your accounts.
instead of using one column for each account andTo avoid confusion over debits and credits, don't
entering one number as positive and the other asthink of them in the way they are used in
negative, we use two columns for each accounteveryday language.
with only positive numbers. Whether the entryYou may be confused because you thought a
increases or decreases the account is determinedcredit was a good thing! We learned these terms
by choice of the column in which it is entered.from dealing with banks and stores, but they
Entries in the left column are referred to aswere using the terms from their perspective.
debits, and entries in the right column are referredWhen the bank gave you a "credit", it was their
to as credits.Cash they are crediting, or subtracting from.
In double entry bookkeeping, at least twoGood for you, not good for the bank.
accounts are impacted by each transaction, oneAs a business owner, think of debits and credits
of those entries must be a debit and the otherfrom your company's point of view. When you
entry must be a credit of equal amount. Todebit your Cash, you add to it. When you credit
complicate things further, more than twoyour Cash, you subtract from it.
accounts can be used if the transaction is splitWhen you put cash in the bank, the bank now is
among them, as long as the sum of debits forobliged to pay it back to you, which is a liability
the transaction equals the sum of credits. Oddlyand therefore a credit (increase) of their liability to
enough, they must balance (cancel each otheryou. So the teller tells you your account has been
out, if you think about it) to zero."credited".
That's one of the beauties of QuickBooks - theSee how this can get confusing now? See how
user is spared the decision making process ofthe two of you, your company and the bank
"what do I enter here.....debit or credit?".mirror image each other? The "credit" from the
The truth is, whether a debit or a credit increasesviewpoint of the bank is, in fact a debit from your
or decreases an account balance depends on thebusiness point of view. Fascinating (as Spock
type of account. Asset and expense accounts arewould say), if you think about it.
increased on the debit side - liability, equity, andThe confusion can be eliminated by remembering
revenue accounts are increased on the credit side.the basic concept. Debit refers to the left ; credit
QuickBooks obscures the credit/debit aspect ofrefers to the right.
transactions, which is not always a good thing.And no, it does not mean Democrats are debits
That QuickBooks strength can also be a curse. Ifand Republicans are credits.
you don't "grok" the concept of debits and creditsWhat do you think? Has this helped shed light on
as they apply to specific types of accounts,the subject?