Caribbean Music - An Overview

The Caribbean is a diverse region that has a richsimply means "double meaning" and was used to
history and eclectic culture. It follows that thesing about issues covertly by masking it behind a
music of the Caribbean has been influenced byplot that served as a 'red herring'.
the cultures and traditions of Africa, India, France,Calypso started as social and political commentary
Spain and England. As a result of the dominancein Trinidad. However, the calypso tradition
of the English-speaking Caribbean in the Caribbeandeveloped to include humorous calypso and
identity, Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica makecalypso ballads. Some of the more popular early
significant contributions in the area of Caribbeancalypsos include 'Banana boat' and 'Jean and Dinah'.
music. However, the French and Latin CaribbeanMost calypsonians sang using a sobriquet.
have also increased the musical variety.Exponents of the art form include The Mighty
There are over 100 forms of music in the regionSparrow (Slinger Francisco), Lord Kitchener
identified as the Caribbean. Some of the genres(Aldwyn Roberts), Attila the Hun and the Roaring
are derivatives of other Caribbean genres as well.Lion. In modern times, calypso is less prominent.
Since there is a proliferation of music genres inMore emphasis is placed on its faster-paced
the Caribbean, popularity and representativenessspin-offs like soca music, rapso and chutney soca.
would be used to identify the main forms. SomeSoca
of the less-popular- but notable genres- will also beSoca music is a huge part of the cultural identity
mentioned in this introduction to the music of theof the Eastern Caribbean. Like its parent genre,
Caribbean.calypso, soca originated in Trinidad and Tobago in
Steelpan musicthe 1970s. Originally conceived as a fusion of soul
Pan (Steel pan or Steel band) music has reachedand calypso, soca music is now standard fare at
as far as North America, Europe and Japan.Carnivals and parties across the Eastern
However, its origin is distinctly Caribbean- to theCaribbean. Soca is much faster-paced than
extent that the sound of the pan is associatedcalypso and is usually accompanied by gyrations
with island life or a Caribbean vacation. Pan musicof the waist and hips or 'chipping'. In earlier times,
originated in Trinidad and Tobago and wassoca was generally groovy with a heavy infusion
adopted by other Eastern Caribbean islands.of brass.
Pan music was originally used to capture theSoca music uses a variety of conventional and
sounds and rhythms of Trinidad- mainly calypso inindigenous instruments, including; drums,
the 1930s. Pan music - a generic term for tunessynthesizers, keyboards and 'iron' rhythms. There
played by 'pannists' or steel orchestras - is veryare also fusions of East Indian rhythms, Latin
diverse as well. It can encompass other genres ofbeats and reggae into soca. The main
music (within and outside the Caribbean) like soca,categorizations of soca music are "Power soca"
reggae, pop, ballads and classical music.and "Groovy soca" and "Vintage soca". "Power
ReggaeSoca" has a frenzied beat while "Groovy soca" is
This essentially Jamaican genre is, arguably, themore melodic and slow-paced. "Vintage soca"
most popular genre of music to emerge from thereflects the early days of soca, which typically
Caribbean. Reggae's popularity has much to doused more 'brass' than modern soca.
with the rhythmic beat and the universal issuesOther genres
and themes addressed by reggae artistes. TheThe French and Latin Caribbean influences have
reggae style uses a basic, mellow rhythm withincreased the diversity of Caribbean music. Zouk
emphasis on the off-beat. This genre of musicis a French-Caribbean style of music that is
relies heavily on drums, bass, guitars, horns andpopular in Guadeloupe, Martinique, Dominica and St.
appropriate vocals.Lucia. The 'Zouk' band 'Kassav' is popular across
The most famous reggae artiste is the late Bobthe Caribbean and in parts of Europe and North
Marley. Other notable exponents include JimmyAmerica.
Cliff, Gregory Isaacs, Glen Washington and theThe Latin influence on Caribbean music is evident.
British reggae band UB40. Many love songs haveParang, Merengue, Salsa, Reggaeton, Mambo and
been adapted to reggae as a result of theBolero are just some of the genres of
versatility of the beat. Reggae has also resulted inLatin-influenced music that are becoming more
several spin-offs and genres including 'ragga soca',popular throughout the Caribbean and the
roots reggae, reggaeton, rockers and dancehall.Western Hemisphere.
CalypsoThe volume of Caribbean music cannot be dealt
The origins of Calypso are associated with thewith comprehensively in anything short of a book.
Carnival tradition. This music genre originated inThe existence of over 100 music genres in a
Trinidad and spread to other Eastern Caribbeancollection of islands attests to that. Music in the
islands. African slaves used to mimic and parodyCaribbean is constantly evolving as a result of
the slave masters in song. This developed into theintra-regional exchange and sometimes influenced
calypso tradition of social commentary. As aby the dominant American culture. The unique
result of the covert nature of the earlier versionsounds and melodies of the Caribbean are
of this art form, earlier calypsos also used thegradually grabbing the attention of music lovers
technique of 'double entendre'. "Double entendre'who have not even visited those isles as yet.